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National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
Class XII
Chemistry (313)
Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions (Set 02 (Advanced Level))

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National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313) Set 02 (Advanced Level) English Medium 100% Free Practice Test

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313): Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions Online Test (Set 02 (Advanced Level)) | TargetExams

Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions — Set 02 (Advanced Level)

Take free online mock test for National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313) chapter 'Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions'. 20 MCQs, 20 minutes, detailed solutions & score analysis.

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20 MCQs

Questions

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20 Mins

Duration

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20 Marks

Total Marks

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+1.0

Per Correct

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0.0

Negative Mark

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English

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Instant Scorecard Step-by-Step Solutions NIOS Self-Learning Material (SLM) Pattern

Chapter Study Guide & In-Depth Notes

Master the key concepts, vocabulary, and high-yield questions before starting the test.

3 Sections

Chapter Overview & Core Concepts: Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions

Class 12 Study Guide

Mastering Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions in Class 12 provides critical subject intuition, analytical skills, and examination readiness.

Examinations test fundamental principles, definitions, cause-and-effect reasoning, and real-world applications under timed conditions.

Core Moral & Key Takeaway:

Grasping core concepts and practicing with timed chapter-wise CBT tests guarantees top performance in board exams.

Key Terminology, Definitions & Principles

Glossary & Concepts

Term / Formula	Type	Definition / Meaning	Explanation / Notes	Example / Usage
Core Concept	Principle	Primary concept governing Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions.	मुख्य सिद्धांत	"Understand and apply the principle accurately."
Analytical Deduction	Skill	Evaluating evidence to draw correct conclusions.	तार्किक विश्लेषण	"Examine question clues systematically."

Key Features & Devices Explored:

Systematic Elimination

Eliminate distractor choices before selecting the best answer.

Pacing & Accuracy

Complete each question within 60 seconds to maintain steady momentum.

High-Yield Revision Points & Solved Board Exam Q&A

Revision Notes

⚡ High-Yield Exam Takeaways:

Review all key textbook terms, definitions, and formulas.
Pay attention to units, boundary values, and key keywords in questions.
Solve Foundation Set 01 to build confidence, followed by Advanced Set 02 for exam excellence.

Frequently Asked Questions & Model Answers:

Q1 How should students prepare for Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions exams?

Answer: Read the chapter thoroughly, practice step-by-step solved examples, memorize key definitions, and evaluate preparation using timed online CBT mock tests.

Sample Questions Preview

Free Sneak Peek

Here is a sneak peek of the questions included in this test set. Test your preparation by viewing the answer and detailed explanation before starting the timed exam.

For the complete combustion of one mole of liquid benzene at 298 K according to the thermochemical equation: C6H6(l) + 15/2 O2(g) -> 6 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) What is the value of (ΔH - ΔU) in kJ mol^-1? (Given R = 8.314 J K^-1 mol^-1)

298 K पर निम्नलिखित ऊष्मारासायनिक समीकरण के अनुसार एक मोल तरल बेंजीन के पूर्ण दहन के लिए: C6H6(l) + 15/2 O2(g) -> 6 CO2(g) + 3 H2O(l) (ΔH - ΔU) का मान kJ mol^-1 में क्या होगा? (दिया है R = 8.314 J K^-1 mol^-1)

-3.72 kJ mol^-1

+3.72 kJ mol^-1

-1.24 kJ mol^-1

+1.24 kJ mol^-1

Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:

The relationship between enthalpy change and internal energy change is given by: ΔH = ΔU + Δn_g * R * T, which rearranges to: ΔH - ΔU = Δn_g * R * T. First, calculate Δn_g (change in moles of gaseous substances): Δn_g = moles of gaseous products - moles of gaseous reactants Δn_g = 6 (from CO2(g)) - 7.5 (from O2(g)) = -1.5 mol (liquid C6H6 and liquid H2O are excluded). Now, calculate ΔH - ΔU: ΔH - ΔU = (-1.5 mol) * (8.314 J K^-1 mol^-1) * (298 K) = -3716.36 J mol^-1 = -3.72 kJ mol^-1.

एन्थैल्पी परिवर्तन और आंतरिक ऊर्जा परिवर्तन के मध्य संबंध है: ΔH = ΔU + Δn_g R T => ΔH - ΔU = Δn_g R T। गैसीय मोलों में परिवर्तन (Δn_g): Δn_g = गैसीय उत्पादों के मोल - गैसीय अभिकारकों के मोल Δn_g = 6 (CO2 से) - 7.5 (O2 से) = -1.5 मोल (तरल C6H6 और H2O को नहीं गिना जाता)। अतः मान रखने पर: ΔH - ΔU = -1.5 × 8.314 × 298 = -3716.36 J mol^-1 = -3.72 kJ mol^-1।

For one mole of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) is always greater than the molar heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) by the universal gas constant R (Cp - Cv = R). What is the underlying physical reason for this difference?

एक आदर्श गैस के एक मोल के लिए, स्थिर दाब पर मोलर ऊष्मा धारिता (Cp) सदैव स्थिर आयतन पर मोलर ऊष्मा धारिता (Cv) से सार्वत्रिक गैस नियतांक R के बराबर अधिक होती है (Cp - Cv = R)। इस अंतर का अंतर्निहित भौतिक कारण क्या है?

At constant volume, the gas expands and performs mechanical work on the surroundingsस्थिर आयतन पर, गैस प्रसारित होती है और परिवेश पर यांत्रिक कार्य करती है

At constant pressure, in addition to raising the temperature (increasing internal energy), a portion of the supplied heat must be consumed to perform external expansion work against atmospheric pressure (PΔV = RΔT)स्थिर दाब पर, तापमान बढ़ाने (आंतरिक ऊर्जा में वृद्धि) के अतिरिक्त, दी गई ऊष्मा का एक भाग वायुमंडलीय दाब के विरुद्ध बाह्य प्रसार कार्य (PΔV = RΔT) करने में खर्च होता है

Ideal gas molecules possess vibrational energy at constant pressure but not at constant volumeआदर्श गैस के अणुओं में स्थिर दाब पर कंपन ऊर्जा होती है किंतु स्थिर आयतन पर नहीं

Intermolecular attractions are significant at constant pressure but zero at constant volumeस्थिर दाब पर अंतर-आण्विक आकर्षण महत्वपूर्ण होते हैं किंतु स्थिर आयतन पर शून्य होते हैं

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:

At constant volume, all heat supplied to the gas goes solely into increasing its internal energy (temperature): \(q_v = ΔU = Cv * ΔT\), because no expansion work can occur (ΔV = 0, w = 0). At constant pressure, as temperature rises, the gas must expand to keep pressure constant. Therefore, the heat supplied (q_p = ΔH = Cp * ΔT) must both raise the internal energy (ΔU) AND perform external mechanical expansion work against the surroundings: \(q_p = ΔU + PΔV\). For 1 mole of an ideal gas, PΔV = RΔT. Hence, Cp * ΔT = Cv * ΔT + R * ΔT, which simplifies to Mayer's relation: Cp - Cv = R.

स्थिर आयतन पर दी गई समस्त ऊष्मा केवल आंतरिक ऊर्जा (तापमान) बढ़ाने में खर्च होती है (q_v = ΔU = Cv ΔT), क्योंकि कोई प्रसार कार्य नहीं होता (w = 0)। स्थिर दाब पर दाब को स्थिर रखने हेतु गैस का आयतन बढ़ता है। अतः दी गई ऊष्मा (q_p = ΔH = Cp ΔT) आंतरिक ऊर्जा बढ़ाने के साथ-साथ बाह्य प्रसार कार्य (PΔV = RΔT) करने में भी खर्च होती है। अतः Cp ΔT = Cv ΔT + R ΔT => Cp - Cv = R (मेयर का संबंध)।

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Competitive Edge

Real-Time Clock Awareness & Pacing

समय प्रबंधन एवं गति नियंत्रण

In school examinations, students write answers without active pacing. In national entrance tests, students have barely 45-60 seconds per MCQ. Practicing with a 20-minute timer instills instinctive time-budgeting and prevents last-minute exam panic.

Mastery of the Elimination Technique

विकल्प निष्कासन विधि में दक्षता

Top rankers in competitive exams rarely compute every problem blindly. They spot subtle traps, evaluate extreme values, and eliminate 2 out of 4 distractors within seconds. Our 4-option sets teach critical distractor analysis.

CBT Screen Stamina & Digital Comfort

कंप्यूटर आधारित परीक्षा का सहज अभ्यास

Almost all major national exams (CUET, JEE, NEET, SSC, Banking) are 100% computer-based. Students who only study on paper experience eye strain and navigation mistakes on exam day. Early CBT practice creates effortless digital fluency.

Immunity to Negative Marking

सटीकता और नकारात्मक अंकन से सुरक्षा

Careless errors—such as misreading "NOT" or "EXCEPT"—ruin thousands of competitive aspirations each year. Regular objective testing builds the habit of double-checking question keywords before locking answers.

Instant Diagnostic Feedback Loop

तत्काल त्रुटि निवारण एवं आत्म-मूल्यांकन

Traditional paper tests take weeks to grade, by which time the student has forgotten their thought process. TargetExams provides instant scorecards and step-by-step solutions while the conceptual puzzle is still fresh.

Syllabus Concepts Evaluated in this Chapter

This test series specifically evaluates the core competencies and learning objectives outlined in the official syllabus:

Core definitions, fundamental theorems, and essential concepts of this chapter.
Step-by-step mathematical reasoning and deductive problem-solving.
Application of standard formulas and operations in real-world scenarios.
Critical examination of common exam pitfalls and misleading options.
Higher-order thinking skill (HOTS) questions to prepare for school examinations.
Speed and accuracy mastery under standard timed CBT exam conditions.

Exam Rules & Test Taking Guidelines

Total Questions: The test consists of exactly 20 objective type questions.
Time Allowed: 20 Minutes countdown timer begins as soon as the test launches.
Marking Scheme: +1.0 mark is awarded for each correct answer.
Zero Penalty: There is 0.0 negative marking for incorrect or unattempted questions.
Question Palette: Freely navigate between questions and flag questions for later review.
Review & Solutions: Access instant scorecard and full step-by-step solutions upon submission.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Yes! Foundation Practice Set 01 for every chapter in National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313) is 100% free to attempt. Students can test their knowledge without any payment or hidden fees.

This page is dedicated to English Medium. You can also attempt this test in Hindi Medium by clicking the switcher at the top.

Absolutely. All 20 multiple-choice questions are strictly designed in line with the latest guidelines, covering both basic conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking skills.

The test contains 20 MCQs to be solved in 20 minutes. Each question carries +1.0 mark for a correct answer, and there is zero (0.0) negative marking for incorrect answers.

Yes. Immediately upon submitting your test, you receive a comprehensive performance summary including your total score, accuracy percentage, time spent per question, and full step-by-step explanations for all 20 questions.

Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions (Set 02 (Advanced Level))

20 MCQs • 20 Mins • 100% Free Practice Test

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313): Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions Online Test (Set 02 (Advanced Level)) | TargetExams

Chapter Study Guide & In-Depth Notes

Chapter Overview & Core Concepts: Spontaneity of Chemical Reactions