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ICSE • Class X • English • Ch 4
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English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Master reading comprehension techniques, contextual vocabulary matching, precise paraphrasing, and the strict 50-word grid summary architecture.

Why This Chapter Matters

Master reading comprehension techniques, contextual vocabulary matching, precise paraphrasing, and the strict 50-word grid summary architecture.

Chapter Roadmap & Progression

1 1. Unseen Comprehension Passage: Qu...
2 2. Précis & Summary Writing: The St...
3 12. In-Depth Technical Analysis & S...
4 13. Exemplary Board-Level Solutions...
5 14. Comprehensive Literary Devices...
6 15. Complete Annotated Model Essay...
7 16. CISCE Council Official Evaluati...
8 17. The Music of Sentences & Syntac...
9 4. Rhetorical Devices, Stylistic Fl...
10 5. Comparative Literary & Linguisti...
11 6. CISCE Board Examination Marking...
12 7. Comprehensive Lexicon of Literar...
13 8. Comprehensive Analytical Synthes...
14 9. Diagnostic Board Examination Ite...
15 10. Extensive Pedagogical Mastercla...
16 11. Detailed Structural Rubric & Vo...
17 18. Advanced Analytical Synthesis &...
18 19. Comprehensive Diagnostic Item B...

Complete Concept Guide (100% Curriculum Coverage)

1. Unseen Comprehension Passage: Question Types & Vocabulary in Context

Comprehension Strategies
Anatomy of Question 4 (20 Marks Total):

A challenging prose passage ($\approx 450 - 500\text{ words}$) testing reading comprehension, contextual vocabulary, and concise précis-summary synthesis:

  • Vocabulary in Context (Question 4a, 3 Marks): Give the meaning of three specific words as used in the passage (1 mark each). Critical Rule: Give the contextual meaning that fits the exact grammatical part of speech and nuance of the passage, NOT an isolated dictionary definition! Replace the word in the sentence with your chosen synonym to verify grammatical harmony.
  • Direct & Inferential Questions (Question 4b, 9 Marks): Answer questions in your own words based strictly on the passage. Do not copy long sentences verbatim from the passage (lifting sentences loses marks!). Paraphrase accurately while preserving essential facts.

2. Précis & Summary Writing: The Strict 50-Word Grid Format

Summary Grid System
The 50-Word Grid Summary (Question 4c, 8 Marks):

Carries 8 marks ($6\text{ marks for points} + 2\text{ marks for expression}$). Requires summarizing a specific aspect of the passage in not more than 50 words:

  1. Identification of Key Points: Re-read the passage and locate the exact sentences addressing the specific question prompt (e.g. 'Describe how the protagonist escaped from the cave'). Identify and underline 5 to 6 distinct factual points.
  2. Rough Draft: Combine the extracted points into simple, grammatically complete sentences. Count total words. Eliminate all adjectives, adverbs, dialogue, and illustrative examples until the draft is under 50 words.
  3. The Final Grid: Draw a neat grid of 5 columns and 10 rows (50 boxes) with a ruler. Write exactly ONE word per box! Punctuation marks (commas, periods) are written alongside the word inside the box, not in separate boxes. Hyphenated words (e.g. 'well-known') count as one word.

12. In-Depth Technical Analysis & Syntactic Flow in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Exhaustive Writing Masterclass
In-Depth Advanced Technical Analysis of English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

To ensure thorough, top-band mastery of English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary in the ICSE Board examination, candidates should analyze the foundational linguistic and literary architecture across multiple expressive dimensions:

1. Morphological Precision & Syntactic Flow:

Writing at an exceptional academic level demands absolute syntactic control. Balance concise, punchy declarative assertions with sweeping, elegant periodic sentences. Avoid dangling modifiers, ensure strict subject-verb agreement across collective nouns, and master the sophisticated deployment of semicolons, colons, and dashes to orchestrate dramatic pauses and rhetorical shifts.

2. Thematic Depth & Critical Insight:

Whether crafting a narrative composition, an official business letter, or a critical literary essay on Shakespearean drama, the strongest pieces demonstrate profound psychological nuance. Move beyond surface-level plot recounting to explore the moral ambiguities, internal character conflicts, socioeconomic pressures, and philosophical subtexts that elevate communication into enduring art.

3. Pacing, Voice & Tone Modulation:

Calibrate your narrative pacing to match emotional intensity—using brisk, clipped syntax during high-stakes dramatic action, and reflective, lyrical prose during meditative descriptions. Maintain an authentic, unified authorial voice that resonates with authority and emotional conviction.

13. Exemplary Board-Level Solutions & Analytical Commentaries for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Model Diagnostic Responses
Exemplary Board-Level Solutions & Analytical Commentaries for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:
Sample Board Prompt A: Advanced Evaluative Task

Analytical Requirement: Demonstrate mastery of structural formatting, expressive diction, and cohesive transitional argumentation, illustrating how thoughtful sentence architecture creates compelling persuasive resonance.

Examiner Evaluation Note: Board examiners award maximum credit to candidates who seamlessly integrate rich contextual vocabulary with rigorous grammatical accuracy, presenting well-balanced arguments supported by illustrative examples.

Sample Board Prompt B: Deep Textual / Practical Application

Analytical Requirement: Analyze character psychology or practical communication objectives, highlighting the precise rhetorical choices that achieve maximum communicative efficacy.

14. Comprehensive Literary Devices & Stylistic Compendium for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Advanced Literature & Language Compendium
Comprehensive Literary Devices, Idiomatic Structures & Stylistic Exemplars for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

To cultivate an extraordinary command of English expression, memorize and utilize these high-impact stylistic devices:

Rhetorical / Literary DeviceDefinition & MechanicsIllustrative Literary / Practical Example
AnaphoraRepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses for rhythmic, emotional emphasis."We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields..."
ChiasmusA rhetorical figure where words or grammatical concepts are repeated in reverse order."Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country."
LitotesDeliberate understatement for emphasis, typically achieved by negating the contrary."He is no novice in the art of political oratory." (He is an expert).
EpiphanyA sudden, intuitive moment of profound revelation or realization experienced by a character.The climatic turning point in a narrative where the protagonist recognizes an essential truth.
Strategic Self-Editing Checklist Before Final Submission:
  1. Check that every paragraph contains a clear topic sentence and logical supporting evidence.
  2. Eliminate passive voice wherever active, vigorous verbs can heighten narrative impact.
  3. Ensure that commas and quotation marks follow standard conventions throughout dialogues.
  4. Confirm that all word counts strictly respect the prescribed board boundaries.

15. Complete Annotated Model Essay & Detailed Commentary for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Exemplary Full Model Essay & Detailed Annotations
Complete High-Scoring Board Model Exemplar for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

Study the complete annotated model essay below illustrating narrative pacing, descriptive atmosphere, and thematic resonance:

Model Narrative Essay: 'An Unforgettable Encounter on a Winter Train Journey'

The rhythmic clatter of steel against iron rails lulled the crowded second-class carriage into a somnolent trance as the night express sliced through the dense, freezing fog blanketing the northern plains of India. Outside the frosted glass pane, the nocturnal countryside was swallowed whole by an impenetrable milky murk, punctured only occasionally by the eerie amber flare of a distant level-crossing lamp. Inside, the chill was pervasive, creeping beneath thick woolen shawls and setting teeth chattering.

Opposite me on the narrow lower berth sat an elderly gentleman whose wrinkled visage seemed carved from aged teak. Dressed in a threadbare tweed coat that had clearly seen better decades, he held a weathered leather-bound diary, his gnarled fingers turning the yellowed pages with a reverence bordering on the sacred. When a sudden jolt of the train sent a vintage silver pocket watch tumbling from his pocket, I lunged forward to catch it before it struck the iron floor. Our eyes met, and in that fleeting instant of connection, a warm, disarming smile illuminated his tired face.

That minor incident unlocked a floodgate of mesmerizing memories. For the next three hours, as the train wound through the dark, he spoke not of grand historical spectacles, but of quiet human triumphs—of working as an apprentice telegraph clerk in the remote railway junctions of Assam during the tumultuous 1960s, of decoding vital flood warnings by the flickering light of kerosene lanterns, and of sending messages that reunited families separated by river floods. His voice, gentle and melodic like autumn leaves rustling in a breeze, transformed the mundane railway cabin into an intimate theatre of forgotten history.

As dawn cracked over the eastern horizon, painting the mist-shrouded mustard fields in pale pastel hues of rose and gold, the train slowed to a halt at a bustling junction. With a gracious bow and a warm clasp of hands, the old man vanished into the swarming morning crowd, leaving behind only the faint scent of old paper and peppermint. The journey concluded, but the memory lingered—a timeless testament to the unexpected beauty of transient human encounters.

16. CISCE Council Official Evaluation Criteria & Mark Distribution for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Examiner Grading Rubrics
CISCE Council Official Evaluation Criteria & Mark Distributions for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

To secure maximum marks in the board evaluation, candidates must satisfy the following four core dimensions of writing proficiency:

  • Content & Thematic Originality (5 Marks): Relevance to the prompt, fresh creative perspectives, avoidance of tired clichés, and logical progression of ideas.
  • Structural Organization & Paragraphing (5 Marks): Clear, cohesive division into well-proportioned paragraphs with distinct topic sentences and seamless transitions.
  • Vocabulary, Diction & Style (5 Marks): Rich, varied, and context-appropriate vocabulary; sophisticated sentence variety; authentic personal voice.
  • Grammatical Mechanics & Accuracy (5 Marks): Flawless subject-verb agreement, accurate verb tenses, correct preposition usage, and precise punctuation.

17. The Music of Sentences & Syntactic Rhythm in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Stylistic Pacing & Syntax Rhythm
The Music of Sentences & Pacing Dynamics for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

Linguistic excellence relies on syntactic rhythm and pacing. Consider this famous writer's maxim on sentence length:

"This sentence has five words. Here are five more words. Five-word sentences are okay. But several together become monotonous. Listen to what is happening. The writing is getting boring. The sound of it drones. It’s like a stuck record. The ear demands some variety.

Now listen. I vary the sentence length, and I create music. Music. The writing sings. It has a pleasant rhythm, a lilt, a harmony. I use short sentences. And I use sentences of medium length. And sometimes, when I see the reader is rested, I will engage him with a sentence of considerable length, a sentence that burns with energy and builds with all the impetus of a crescendo, the roll of the drums, the crash of the cymbals—sounds that say listen to this, it is important."

Practice writing with varied sentence structures: alternate punchy short assertions with sweeping, periodic sentences to keep your prose singing and vibrant.

4. Rhetorical Devices, Stylistic Flair & Grammatical Architecture in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Rhetorical Architecture
Stylistic Mechanics & Linguistic Elegance in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

In ICSE English Language & Literature examinations, examiners reward sophisticated vocabulary, grammatical precision, cohesive paragraph transitions, and profound thematic insight.

  • Linguistic Precision: Replacing bland, generic vocabulary with vivid sensory adjectives, vigorous action verbs, and evocative metaphors elevates written compositions and analytical essays.
  • Syntactic Variety: Deliberate interspersing of simple, compound, and complex periodic sentences, alongside inverted clauses and rhetorical questions, maintains reader engagement and rhythmic prose flow.
  • Thematic Depth in Literature: In drama and poetry analyses, correlate dramatic dialogue and poetic imagery with universal human dilemmas—power, betrayal, existential isolation, mortality, and emotional redemption.

5. Comparative Literary & Linguistic Matrix in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Comparative Matrix
Structural & Stylistic Comparative Analysis in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:
Analytical DimensionKey Technical StandardsExpressive & Academic Outcome
Form & ConventionsStrict adherence to prescribed board layout, salutations, word ceilings, and stanzaic / stage structures.Demonstrates structural mastery, visual neatness, and formal academic discipline.
Diction & RegisterContextual selection of formal, informal, dramatic, or lyrical registers suited to the target audience.Establishes persuasive authority, emotional resonance, or authentic character voice.
Critical EvaluationClose textual citation combined with perceptive psychological and societal commentary.Attains top-band grading by moving beyond passive plot retelling to active literary critique.

6. CISCE Board Examination Marking Rubrics & Technical Vocabulary for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Examiner Marking Standards
Official CISCE Evaluative Guidelines for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

Council examiners assess language and literature papers using explicit criteria:

  • Word Limit Compliance: For composition (300 to 350 words) and summary (50 words grid), adhere strictly to length specifications. Exceeding or falling short of word limits incurs mark deductions.
  • Layout Marks in Formats: In letters, notices, and emails, every structural component (sender address, date format, salutation, subject line, complimentary close) carries independent method marks. A missing date or wrong comma placement forfeits layout credit!
  • Literature Contextual Accuracy: In drama and poetry reference-to-context questions, explicitly identify the speaker, addressee, immediate physical setting, and underlying dramatic irony before addressing thematic sub-questions.

7. Comprehensive Lexicon of Literary Terms, Idioms & Vocabulary for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Literary Lexicon
High-Yield Vocabulary, Idioms & Literary Figures for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:
  • Dramatic & Poetic Devices: Soliloquy, aside, dramatic irony, pathetic fallacy, hubris, catharsis, oxymoron, synecdoche, metonymy, anaphora.
  • Idiomatic Phrasal Verbs: Precision prepositions in functional grammar (e.g. bear with, break out, call on, put off, fall through).
  • Expressive Descriptive Lexicon: Captivating narrative modifiers for atmospheric settings and psychological characterization.

8. Comprehensive Analytical Synthesis & Model Board Essay / Passage Drill in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Model Syntheses
Exemplary Board-Standard Written Demonstrations in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

To master the highest tier of English composition and analytical literature interpretation, review full model exemplars illustrating seamless structural cohesion, rich vocabulary, and incisive critical thought.

  • Review complete model composition drafts showcasing narrative pacing and descriptive sensory immersion.
  • Examine flawless formal and informal letter templates illustrating correct punctuation and contemporary British English date conventions.
  • Analyze complete, high-scoring 50-word grid summary reductions executing precise point selection without extraneous ornamentation.

9. Diagnostic Board Examination Item Bank & Examiner Insights for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Examiner Question Bank
Curated Board Questions & Marking Pitfall Preventions for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

Practice these authentic examination exercises modeled on recent ICSE board papers:

Exercise A: Technical Precision & Formatting Discipline

Requirement: Execute formal letter or notice-email layouts with zero mechanical punctuation errors, strictly following the latest revised CISCE council circulars.

Exercise B: Literary Character & Thematic Critique

Requirement: Write an evaluative textual commentary analyzing character conflicts, psychological motivations, and structural turning points supported by direct textual citations.

10. Extensive Pedagogical Masterclass & Linguistic Fluency Strategies for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Linguistic Fluency
Cultivating Native-Level Fluency and Critical Literary Insight in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

English is not merely an academic school subject; it is the global medium of intellectual discourse, scientific exchange, and creative literature. Mastering English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary cultivates sharp critical thinking, emotional empathy, and clear persuasive communication.

I. The Art of Narrative and Descriptive Immersion:

Great writing engages the reader's senses directly ('Show, Don't Tell'). Instead of writing 'He was angry', describe how 'His knuckles whitened against the mahogany armrest, veins throbbing at his temples as a low growl escaped his clenched teeth'. Sensory details of sound, light, texture, and smell transform flat prose into an unforgettable cinematic reading experience.

II. Dramatic & Poetic Appreciation:

In literary studies—whether exploring Shakespeare's timeless tragic flaws in Julius Caesar, poignant reflections in short stories, or evocative lyricism in poetry—great literature mirrors the timeless complexities of the human condition. Engaging with these masterworks enriches personal character and refines intellectual eloquence.

11. Detailed Structural Rubric & Vocabulary Masterclass for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Detailed Structural Rubric
Exhaustive CISCE Linguistic Execution & Vocabulary Masterclass for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

To secure 100% in English Language & Literature, internalize the comprehensive syntactic principles tabulated below:

Analytical CategoryGrammatical & Stylistic StandardCommon Error to Avoid
Punctuation & MechanicsFlawless capitalization, quotation marks inside dialogue, commas separating coordinate clauses.Missing apostrophes in possessives; misplaced commas in relative clauses.
Tense ConsistencyMaintain continuous narrative past tense (or present in dramatic critique) without unwarranted shifts.Drifting between past and present tense mid-paragraph.
Vocabulary & DictionRich, varied, context-specific adjectives and strong active verbs.Overusing repetitive words like 'good', 'bad', 'nice', 'said'.
Five Golden Rules for Securing 95+ in ICSE English:
  1. Never start an essay without a 3-minute rough planning spider-gram or outline.
  2. Use standard British English spelling consistently throughout (e.g. 'colour', 'favour', 'centre', 'programme').
  3. In summary writing, strictly adhere to the 50-word grid format with exactly one word per box.
  4. In transformation of sentences, never alter the fundamental meaning of the original sentence.
  5. Re-read your completed paper during the final 10 minutes to eliminate careless slips in spelling and agreement.

18. Advanced Analytical Synthesis & High-Scoring Strategies for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Advanced Synthesis
Linguistic & Literary Strategy in English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary:

To consistently secure 95+ in ICSE English examinations, students must integrate textual mastery with rigorous examination discipline:

  • Precision Over Verbosity: In comprehension and functional grammar, conciseness and exactitude score maximum marks. Never write rambling speculative answers where a single grammatical transformation or specific textual inference is required.
  • Contextual Reference Mastery: In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, short stories, and poems, memorize key dramatic dialogues, character traits, and symbolic motifs to quote accurately.
  • Systematic Time Management: Allocate your 2 hours strategically: 30 minutes for Composition, 20 minutes for Letter, 15 minutes for Notice & E-mail, 25 minutes for Comprehension & Summary, 20 minutes for Functional Grammar, and 10 minutes for final proofreading.

19. Comprehensive Diagnostic Item Bank & Detailed Solutions for English Language - Unseen Passage and Summary

Examiner Diagnostic Bank
Board-Style Practice Drills with Solutions:
Model Drill A: High-Yield Functional / Literary Analysis

Analytical Focus: Address core grammatical transformations, vocabulary definitions in context, and literary character motivations through structured, point-wise solutions.

Model Drill B: Common Examiner Traps & Solution Protocol

Analytical Focus: Identify and eradicate frequent student misconceptions in syntax, punctuation, and thematic interpretation.

Common Misconceptions & Examiner Traps

Common Misconception

Writing summary in continuous paragraph without a grid

Scientific Reality & Correction

Always draw a 50-box GRID (5×10) for the final summary; examiners require the grid format.

Common Misconception

Writing dictionary meanings instead of contextual meanings in vocabulary

Scientific Reality & Correction

Meanings MUST fit the exact context of the passage sentence; generic definitions lose marks.

Common Misconception

Lifting long sentences word-for-word from the text

Scientific Reality & Correction

Paraphrase facts in your OWN words; verbatim lifting is penalized.

Common Misconception

Writing two words in a single grid box

Scientific Reality & Correction

Write STRICTLY ONE word per box; hyphenated words count as one.

Reading Comprehension, Contextual Vocabulary & The 50-Word Grid Summary

Question 4: Comprehension Passage & 50-Word Summary Grid Comprehension (12 Marks) 4(a) Vocabulary (3 Marks): Contextual synonyms only (no generic defs) 4(b) Textual Questions (9 Marks): Answer in own words; avoid verbatim lifting Read twice before answering 4(c) Summary (8 Marks: 6P + 2E) Strict 50-Word Grid (1 word per box) Rough draft first → Fair grid box

Chapter Summary & 10 Key Takeaways

Takeaway 1
Question 4 carries 20 marks: Vocabulary (3), Textual questions (9), and Summary (8).
Takeaway 2
In vocabulary questions, provide contextual meanings matching the exact part of speech in the passage.
Takeaway 3
Do not copy entire sentences verbatim from the passage; answer in your own clear words.
Takeaway 4
The summary must address ONLY the specific prompt given in the question, not the whole passage.
Takeaway 5
Identify 5 to 6 distinct factual points from the passage before drafting the summary.
Takeaway 6
Write a rough draft first, count words, and edit out all non-essential adjectives and examples.
Takeaway 7
Draw a neat 50-word grid (5 columns × 10 rows) for the final summary.
Takeaway 8
Write strictly ONE word per box in the grid; punctuation marks go alongside words in the box.
Takeaway 9
Exceeding 50 words results in mark deductions; words written outside the grid are ignored.
Takeaway 10
Summary marks are divided into Content/Points (6 marks) and Language/Expression (2 marks).

Check Your Understanding (Diagnostic Practice Questions)

Diagnostic questions testing core conceptual clarity. Answers are hidden initially — solve each problem first, then click to reveal the step-by-step verified solution.

1
What is the correct strategy for solving Vocabulary in Context questions in Question 4(a)?
Reveal Answer & Explanation
Answer:
  1. Locate the word in the specified line/paragraph of the passage and identify its grammatical part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb). 2. Discern its precise contextual meaning in that specific sentence, rather than providing an isolated generic dictionary definition. 3. Substitute your chosen replacement word into the original sentence to verify that the meaning and grammatical syntax remain completely intact and natural.

2
Why is lifting sentences directly from the comprehension passage penalized by examiners?
Reveal Answer & Explanation
Answer: The comprehension section is designed to test your reading comprehension, linguistic synthesis, and active vocabulary. Lifting whole sentences verbatim from the text demonstrates passive copying rather than genuine understanding. Candidates are required to comprehend the facts and rephrase them concisely in their own original grammatical constructions.
3
How are marks distributed in Question 4(c) (Summary Writing)?
Reveal Answer & Explanation
Answer: Total = 8 Marks, divided into: 1. Content / Points: 6 Marks (awarded for identifying and including the 6 essential factual points answering the specific prompt). 2. Expression / Language: 2 Marks (awarded for grammatical accuracy, smooth sentence flow, and strict adherence to the 50-word grid format).
4
What is the mandatory format for presenting the final summary in the ICSE examination?
Reveal Answer & Explanation
Answer: The final summary must be written in a grid (table) of 50 squares (typically 5 columns and 10 rows), with strictly ONE word written in each square. Hyphenated compound words count as a single word in a single box. Punctuation marks (commas, periods) must be placed alongside the word inside the square, not in separate boxes.
5
What happens if a candidate writes more than 50 words in the summary grid?
Reveal Answer & Explanation
Answer: Under official CISCE evaluation rubrics, any words written beyond the 50th word or outside the 50-word grid are completely ignored and crossed out by the examiner. If crucial key points fall beyond the 50-word boundary, content marks for those points are forfeited, and expression marks are deducted for failing to observe the word limit.
6
Should the summary cover the entire passage?
Reveal Answer & Explanation
Answer: NO. The summary question always specifies a PARTICULAR aspect of the passage (e.g., 'Summarize the difficulties faced by the mountaineers during their ascent'). You must extract points that relate strictly and exclusively to that specific prompt, ignoring the rest of the passage.
7
Why is it advisable to write a rough draft before writing the final summary grid?
Reveal Answer & Explanation
Answer: A rough draft allows you to assemble all required points, link them with concise conjunctions, count the exact number of words, and edit out superfluous adjectives or redundant phrases until the draft is precisely within the 50-word boundary, before neatly committing it to the ink grid.
8
Give an example of condensing a wordy phrase into a single word for summary writing.
Reveal Answer & Explanation
Answer: Wordy phrase: 'He made up his mind with great firmness and resolve' (10 words) -> Condensed word: 'He resolved' or 'He determined' (2 words).
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