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Jharkhand Academic Council
Class X
Information Technology
अध्याय 9: वेब अनुप्रयोग एवं सुरक्षा (Web Applications and Security)

माध्यम चुनें / Select Medium:

झारखण्ड बोर्ड (JAC) • कक्षा X • Information Technology • अध्याय 9

अनुमानित समय: 45 Mins

प्रगति: अध्ययनरत

वेब अनुप्रयोग एवं सुरक्षा (Web Applications and Security)

In Class 10 Information Technology, "Web Applications and Security" provides an authoritative, curriculum-verified master resource aligned with the 2026–27 NCERT syllabus.

अध्याय CBT ऑनलाइन टेस्ट दें सभी अध्याय देखें

प्रस्तावना अध्याय अवधारणाएँ अध्याय सारांश स्व-मूल्यांकन अभ्यास टेस्ट दें

🔒 Have You Ever Wondered?

What happens in the fractions of a second between pressing 'Enter' on a website and seeing the page load securely with a green padlock icon, and how d...

What happens in the fractions of a second between pressing 'Enter' on a website and seeing the page load securely with a green padlock icon, and how do hackers try to steal your digital identity? Cyber hygiene and networking architectures.

यह अध्याय क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है

In Class 10 Information Technology, "Web Applications and Security" provides an authoritative, curriculum-verified master resource aligned with the 2026–27 NCERT syllabus.

अध्ययन से पूर्व (आवश्यक ज्ञान)

Internet basics, browsers, and URLs.
Email and search engines.
Passwords and online privacy.

इस अध्याय के लक्ष्य

Explain Computer Accessibility Options for users with disabilities (StickyKeys, FilterKeys, ToggleKeys, High Contrast).
Analyze Network Architectures: Client-Server vs Peer-to-Peer (P2P), LAN, MAN, WAN, and topologies.
Differentiate between wired (optical fiber, coaxial, twisted pair) and wireless transmission media (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Infrared).
Explain Instant Messaging (IM), Blogs, Online Shopping, and Web security protocols (HTTPS, SSL/TLS).
Evaluate Cyber Threats: Phishing, Malware (Viruses, Worms, Trojans, Spyware), and Workplace Safety (ergonomics, fire drills, electrical hazards).

अध्याय रूपरेखा एवं प्रगति

1 1. Accessibility Options & Assistiv...

2 2. Network Architectures & Topologi...

3 3. Cybersecurity, Threats & Safe Pr...

सम्पूर्ण सैद्धांतिक एवं वैचारिक अध्ययन

1. Accessibility Options & Assistive Technology

Operating systems offer accessibility tools for users with motor, hearing, or visual impairments:
• StickyKeys: Allows pressing modifier keys (Shift, Ctrl, Alt) sequentially one at a time instead of holding them together.
• FilterKeys: Ignores brief or repeated accidental keystrokes for users with hand tremors.
• ToggleKeys: Emits an audio beep whenever Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock is toggled on or off.

2. Network Architectures & Topologies

Client-Server: Centralized powerful server serving multiple client workstations (Web browsing, banking).
Peer-to-Peer (P2P): Every computer has equal capability and responsibility (BitTorrent file sharing).
LAN, MAN, WAN: Local Area Network (room/school), Metropolitan Area Network (city cable TV), Wide Area Network (Internet spanning planets!).

3. Cybersecurity, Threats & Safe Practices

Phishing: Deceptive fraudulent emails and fake websites masquerading as legitimate banks to steal passwords and credit card PINs.
Malware: Viruses (replicate with host files), Worms (self-spread over networks), Trojans (disguised as useful software), and Spyware (secretly monitors keystrokes).
Safe Cyber Hygiene: Use complex passwords ($>12$ characters with symbols), enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), never click suspicious links, and verify HTTPS padlock encryption!

चित्रात्मक व्याख्या एवं मॉडल

Web Applications and Security Master Matrix

Conceptual framework, core mechanisms, and analytical relationships

Academic Architecture

1. Accessibility Options & Assistive Technology • 2. Network Architectures & Topologies

अध्याय का सार संक्षेप एवं 10 मुख्य निष्कर्ष

मुख्य बिंदु 1

StickyKeys: Assistive tool enabling sequential modifier key presses for motor disabilities.

मुख्य बिंदु 2

Client-Server: Centralized network architecture providing dedicated resource services.

मुख्य बिंदु 3

Optical Fiber: High-speed glass cable transmitting data pulses at the speed of light.

मुख्य बिंदु 4

Phishing: Social engineering identity theft tricking users into revealing credentials.

मुख्य बिंदु 5

HTTPS: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure encrypting communications via SSL/TLS certificates.

स्व-मूल्यांकन अभ्यास (Check Your Understanding)

मूल वैचारिक स्पष्टता की जांच के लिए नैदानिक प्रश्न। पहले स्वयं हल करें, फिर उत्तर देखें।

Explain the functions of StickyKeys and FilterKeys in Windows accessibility.

उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें

उत्तर: StickyKeys allows users with physical disabilities to press modifier keys (Shift, Ctrl, Alt) one after another instead of holding them down simultaneously; FilterKeys instructs the keyboard to ignore brief, repeated, or rapid keystrokes caused by tremors.
Sequential modifier key pressing and tremor filtering.

Differentiate between a Client-Server network and a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network.

उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें

उत्तर: In a Client-Server network, centralized servers manage resources, security, and services for dependent client computers; in a Peer-to-Peer network, every computer has equal status, sharing files directly without a central server.
Centralized server authority vs equal decentralized peers.

What is Phishing? How can Internet users protect themselves against phishing scams?

उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें

उत्तर: Phishing is a cyber attack where attackers pose as trusted institutions (like banks) via fraudulent emails or fake websites to steal passwords and credit cards. Protection: Never click suspicious links, verify URLs, check for HTTPS, and use 2FA.
Fraudulent fake sites stealing passwords; verify HTTPS and 2FA.

What is the difference between a Computer Virus and a Computer Worm?

उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें

उत्तर: A Virus attaches itself to clean host files or programs and requires human action (like executing a program) to spread; a Worm is a standalone malicious program that replicates and spreads autonomously across networks without human intervention.
Requires host file execution vs spreads automatically across networks.

State three essential workplace ergonomic rules for computer operators.

उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें

उत्तर: (1) Keep monitor screen at eye level at an arm's distance to prevent neck strain, (2) Keep feet flat on the floor with thighs parallel to ground, (3) Keep wrists straight while typing and take short screen breaks every 30 minutes.
Eye-level screen, flat feet posture, and regular rest breaks.

अध्याय का अध्ययन पूर्ण हुआ?

अभ्यास के लिए तैयार?

ऑनलाइन CBT टेस्ट देकर तैयारी का मूल्यांकन करें

झारखण्ड बोर्ड परीक्षा पैटर्न पर आधारित बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्नों का ऑनलाइन टेस्ट दें। तुरंत परिणाम, समय विश्लेषण और प्रत्येक प्रश्न का विस्तृत हल प्राप्त करें।

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