Delhi Board of School Education Class XI Political Science: Equality Online Test (Set 02 (Advanced Level))

Chapter Study Guide & In-Depth Notes

Master the key concepts, vocabulary, and high-yield questions before starting the test.

3 Sections

Chapter Overview & Core Concepts: Equality

Class 11 Study Guide

Mastering Equality in Class 11 provides critical subject intuition, analytical skills, and examination readiness.

Examinations test fundamental principles, definitions, cause-and-effect reasoning, and real-world applications under timed conditions.

Core Moral & Key Takeaway:

Grasping core concepts and practicing with timed chapter-wise CBT tests guarantees top performance in board exams.

Key Terminology, Definitions & Principles

Glossary & Concepts

Term / Formula	Type	Definition / Meaning	Explanation / Notes	Example / Usage
Core Concept	Principle	Primary concept governing Equality.	मुख्य सिद्धांत	"Understand and apply the principle accurately."
Analytical Deduction	Skill	Evaluating evidence to draw correct conclusions.	तार्किक विश्लेषण	"Examine question clues systematically."

Key Features & Devices Explored:

Systematic Elimination

Eliminate distractor choices before selecting the best answer.

Pacing & Accuracy

Complete each question within 60 seconds to maintain steady momentum.

High-Yield Revision Points & Solved Board Exam Q&A

Revision Notes

⚡ High-Yield Exam Takeaways:

Review all key textbook terms, definitions, and formulas.
Pay attention to units, boundary values, and key keywords in questions.
Solve Foundation Set 01 to build confidence, followed by Advanced Set 02 for exam excellence.

Frequently Asked Questions & Model Answers:

Q1 How should students prepare for Equality exams?

Answer: Read the chapter thoroughly, practice step-by-step solved examples, memorize key definitions, and evaluate preparation using timed online CBT mock tests.

Sample Questions Preview

Free Sneak Peek

Here is a sneak peek of the questions included in this test set. Test your preparation by viewing the answer and detailed explanation before starting the timed exam.

Q1

In Ronald Dworkin's egalitarian political philosophy ('What is Equality?'), how does he formulate the foundational distinction between 'Ambition-Sensitivity' and 'Endowment-Insensitivity'?

रोनाल्ड ड्वॉर्किन के समतावादी राजनीतिक दर्शन में, वे 'महत्वाकांक्षा-संवेदनशीलता' (Ambition-Sensitivity) और 'प्रतिभा/संसाधन-असंवेदनशीलता' (Endowment-Insensitivity) के बीच मूलभूत अंतर को किस प्रकार सूत्रबद्ध करते हैं?

A

A just distributive scheme must be sensitive to the deliberate ambitions, career choices, and effort of individuals (holding them responsible for their choices), but insensitive to brute luck and unchosen natural endowments (handicaps, inherited wealth, genetic talent)एक न्यायपूर्ण वितरण व्यवस्था को व्यक्तियों की सचेत महत्वाकांक्षाओं, करियर विकल्पों और मेहनत के प्रति संवेदनशील होना चाहिए (उन्हें उनके फैसलों के लिए जिम्मेदार मानते हुए), लेकिन प्राकृतिक दुर्भाग्य और अनचाही परिस्थितियों (शारीरिक अक्षमता, विरासत में मिली गरीबी) के प्रति असंवेदनशील होना चाहिए (उनकी भरपाई करते हुए)

B

A just society must punish ambitious individuals and reward only those who refuse to workएक न्यायपूर्ण समाज को महत्वाकांक्षी लोगों को दंडित करना चाहिए और केवल काम न करने वालों को पुरस्कृत करना चाहिए

C

Distributive justice requires giving all national assets to the descendants of royal dynastiesवितरण न्याय के लिए सभी राष्ट्रीय संपत्ति को शाही राजवंशों को देना आवश्यक है

D

Endowments are genetically identical across all human populations eliminating any need for justiceसभी मानव आबादी में प्राकृतिक प्रतिभाएं बिल्कुल समान हैं जिससे न्याय की कोई आवश्यकता नहीं है

Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Ronald Dworkin pioneered 'Luck Egalitarianism'. Inequalities resulting from 'option luck' (voluntary gambles, career ambitions, work choices) are legitimate. Inequalities resulting from 'brute luck' (genetic disabilities, born into poverty) are unjust and must be neutralized through equalizing insurance schemes and resources.

रोनाल्ड ड्वॉर्किन ने बहुत शानदार नियम दिया: यदि कोई व्यक्ति जुआ खेलकर या आलस करके गरीब बनता है, तो वह उसके अपने फैसले (महत्वाकांक्षा) का परिणाम है। लेकिन यदि कोई व्यक्ति जन्म से अंधा, दिव्यांग या अत्यधिक गरीब घर में पैदा होता है, तो यह उसकी गलती नहीं बल्कि उसकी 'किस्मत' (Brute Luck) है। एक न्यायपूर्ण समाज को इस अंधी किस्मत की नाइंसाफी की भरपाई करके सबको बराबरी पर लाना होगा।

Q2

How does Elizabeth Anderson in her landmark treatise 'What is the Point of Equality?' (1999) critique 'Luck Egalitarianism' and formulate 'Relational (Democratic) Equality'?

एलिजाबेथ एंडरसन ने अपने ऐतिहासिक शोध 'व्हाट इज द पॉइंट ऑफ इक्वेलिटी?' (1999) में 'लक एगैलिटेरियनिज्म' की आलोचना करते हुए 'संबंधपरक (लोकतांत्रिक) समानता' (Relational Equality) को किस प्रकार प्रतिपादित किया?

A

The primary goal of equality is not to micro-manage compensation for personal bad luck or genetic traits, but to abolish systemic social hierarchies of domination, status, and oppression, creating a democratic community where citizens relate to one another as social equalsसमानता का मुख्य उद्देश्य व्यक्तिगत दुर्भाग्य या आनुवंशिक कमियों के लिए मुआवजा बांटना नहीं है, बल्कि समाज से उत्पीड़न, सामाजिक श्रेष्ठता और प्रभुत्व की पदानुक्रमित व्यवस्था को समाप्त करना है, ताकि नागरिक एक-दूसरे से सामाजिक बराबरी के धरातल पर जुड़ सकें

B

Equality aims strictly at compensating people who lose lottery tickets in municipal drawingsसमानता का उद्देश्य केवल उन लोगों को मुआवजा देना है जो लॉटरी हार जाते हैं

C

Democratic equality demands the complete abolition of universal adult suffrageलोकतांत्रिक समानता सार्वभौमिक वयस्क मताधिकार को पूरी तरह समाप्त करने की मांग करती है

D

Relational equality requires that citizens must never form friendships across village bordersसंबंधपरक समानता की मांग है कि नागरिक कभी भी सीमा पार दोस्ती न करें

Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Elizabeth Anderson argued that equality is fundamentally relational, not merely distributive. The point of equality is political: ending caste, racial subordination, and aristocratic privilege so that free citizens can stand together, look each other in the eye, and deliberate without subservience.

एलिजाबेथ एंडरसन ने कहा कि समानता का असली मकसद सिर्फ गरीबों को कुछ पैसे या मुआवजा बांटना नहीं है। असली समानता का मतलब यह है कि समाज में कोई किसी का 'मालिक' और कोई किसी का 'गुलाम' न हो! हर नागरिक दूसरे नागरिक की आंखों में आंखें डालकर बराबरी और स्वाभिमान से बात कर सके—यही लोकतांत्रिक समानता है।

How Chapter-Wise Online CBT Tests Build Winning Habits for Future Competitive Exams

Focused chapter-wise CBT practice builds the speed, mental stamina, and analytical discipline required to ace CUET, JEE Main, NEET UG, NDA, CA Foundation, and College Entrance Exams.

Competitive Edge

Real-Time Clock Awareness & Pacing

समय प्रबंधन एवं गति नियंत्रण

In school examinations, students write answers without active pacing. In national entrance tests, students have barely 45-60 seconds per MCQ. Practicing with a 20-minute timer instills instinctive time-budgeting and prevents last-minute exam panic.

Mastery of the Elimination Technique

विकल्प निष्कासन विधि में दक्षता

Top rankers in competitive exams rarely compute every problem blindly. They spot subtle traps, evaluate extreme values, and eliminate 2 out of 4 distractors within seconds. Our 4-option sets teach critical distractor analysis.

CBT Screen Stamina & Digital Comfort

कंप्यूटर आधारित परीक्षा का सहज अभ्यास

Almost all major national exams (CUET, JEE, NEET, SSC, Banking) are 100% computer-based. Students who only study on paper experience eye strain and navigation mistakes on exam day. Early CBT practice creates effortless digital fluency.

Immunity to Negative Marking

सटीकता और नकारात्मक अंकन से सुरक्षा

Careless errors—such as misreading "NOT" or "EXCEPT"—ruin thousands of competitive aspirations each year. Regular objective testing builds the habit of double-checking question keywords before locking answers.

Instant Diagnostic Feedback Loop

तत्काल त्रुटि निवारण एवं आत्म-मूल्यांकन

Traditional paper tests take weeks to grade, by which time the student has forgotten their thought process. TargetExams provides instant scorecards and step-by-step solutions while the conceptual puzzle is still fresh.

Syllabus Concepts Evaluated in this Chapter

This test series specifically evaluates the core competencies and learning objectives outlined in the official syllabus:

Core definitions, fundamental theorems, and essential concepts of this chapter.
Step-by-step mathematical reasoning and deductive problem-solving.
Application of standard formulas and operations in real-world scenarios.
Critical examination of common exam pitfalls and misleading options.
Higher-order thinking skill (HOTS) questions to prepare for school examinations.
Speed and accuracy mastery under standard timed CBT exam conditions.

Exam Rules & Test Taking Guidelines

Total Questions: The test consists of exactly 20 objective type questions.
Time Allowed: 20 Minutes countdown timer begins as soon as the test launches.
Marking Scheme: +1.0 mark is awarded for each correct answer.
Zero Penalty: There is 0.0 negative marking for incorrect or unattempted questions.
Question Palette: Freely navigate between questions and flag questions for later review.
Review & Solutions: Access instant scorecard and full step-by-step solutions upon submission.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Yes! Foundation Practice Set 01 for every chapter in Delhi Board of School Education Class XI Political Science is 100% free to attempt. Students can test their knowledge without any payment or hidden fees.

This page is dedicated to English Medium. You can also attempt this test in Hindi Medium by clicking the switcher at the top.

Absolutely. All 20 multiple-choice questions are strictly designed in line with the latest guidelines, covering both basic conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking skills.

The test contains 20 MCQs to be solved in 20 minutes. Each question carries +1.0 mark for a correct answer, and there is zero (0.0) negative marking for incorrect answers.

Yes. Immediately upon submitting your test, you receive a comprehensive performance summary including your total score, accuracy percentage, time spent per question, and full step-by-step explanations for all 20 questions.

Delhi Board of School Education Class XI Political Science: Equality Online Test (Set 02 (Advanced Level)) | TargetExams

Chapter Study Guide & In-Depth Notes

Chapter Overview & Core Concepts: Equality