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National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
Class XII
Chemistry (313)
General Characteristics of the p-block Elements (Set 01 (Foundation Level))

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National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313) Set 01 (Foundation Level) English Medium 100% Free Practice Test

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313): General Characteristics of the p-block Elements Online Test (Set 01 (Foundation Level)) | TargetExams

General Characteristics of the p-block Elements — Set 01 (Foundation Level)

Take free online mock test for National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313) chapter 'General Characteristics of the p-block Elements'. 20 MCQs, 20 minutes, detailed solutions & score analysis.

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Instant Scorecard Step-by-Step Solutions NIOS Self-Learning Material (SLM) Pattern

Chapter Study Guide & In-Depth Notes

Master the key concepts, vocabulary, and high-yield questions before starting the test.

3 Sections

Chapter Overview & Core Concepts: General Characteristics of the p-block Elements

Class 12 Study Guide

Mastering General Characteristics of the p-block Elements in Class 12 provides critical subject intuition, analytical skills, and examination readiness.

Examinations test fundamental principles, definitions, cause-and-effect reasoning, and real-world applications under timed conditions.

Core Moral & Key Takeaway:

Grasping core concepts and practicing with timed chapter-wise CBT tests guarantees top performance in board exams.

Key Terminology, Definitions & Principles

Glossary & Concepts

Term / Formula	Type	Definition / Meaning	Explanation / Notes	Example / Usage
Core Concept	Principle	Primary concept governing General Characteristics of the p-block Elements.	मुख्य सिद्धांत	"Understand and apply the principle accurately."
Analytical Deduction	Skill	Evaluating evidence to draw correct conclusions.	तार्किक विश्लेषण	"Examine question clues systematically."

Key Features & Devices Explored:

Systematic Elimination

Eliminate distractor choices before selecting the best answer.

Pacing & Accuracy

Complete each question within 60 seconds to maintain steady momentum.

High-Yield Revision Points & Solved Board Exam Q&A

Revision Notes

⚡ High-Yield Exam Takeaways:

Review all key textbook terms, definitions, and formulas.
Pay attention to units, boundary values, and key keywords in questions.
Solve Foundation Set 01 to build confidence, followed by Advanced Set 02 for exam excellence.

Frequently Asked Questions & Model Answers:

Q1 How should students prepare for General Characteristics of the p-block Elements exams?

Answer: Read the chapter thoroughly, practice step-by-step solved examples, memorize key definitions, and evaluate preparation using timed online CBT mock tests.

Sample Questions Preview

Free Sneak Peek

Here is a sneak peek of the questions included in this test set. Test your preparation by viewing the answer and detailed explanation before starting the timed exam.

According to the IUPAC definition, a transition element is defined as an element which has an incompletely filled d-subshell in its ground state or in any of its common oxidation states. Why are Zinc ($Zn$), Cadmium ($Cd$), and Mercury ($Hg$) of group 12 NOT strictly considered transition elements?

IUPAC परिभाषा के अनुसार, एक संक्रमण तत्व (transition element) को ऐसे तत्व के रूप में परिभाषित किया जाता है जिसके आद्य अवस्था (ground state) में या इसकी किसी भी सामान्य ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था में एक अपूर्ण रूप से भरा हुआ d-उपकोश होता है। वर्ग 12 के जिंक ($Zn$), कैडमियम ($Cd$), और मरकरी ($Hg$) को कड़ाई से संक्रमण तत्व क्यों नहीं माना जाता है?

They possess completely filled $(n-1)d^{10}$ subshells both in their ground state and in their common $+2$ oxidation stateउनके पास अपनी आद्य अवस्था और अपनी सामान्य $+2$ ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था दोनों में पूरी तरह से भरे हुए $(n-1)d^{10}$ उपकोश होते हैं

They do not show metallic luster and cannot conduct electricity in the solid stateवे धात्विक चमक नहीं दिखाते हैं और ठोस अवस्था में विद्युत का चालन नहीं कर सकते हैं

They have unfilled s-orbitals in their valence electronic shellउनके संयोजी इलेक्ट्रॉनिक कोश में रिक्त s-कक्षक होते हैं

Their atomic radii are significantly larger than alkali and alkaline earth metalsउनकी परमाणु त्रिज्याएँ क्षार और क्षारीय मृदा धातुओं की तुलना में काफी बड़ी होती हैं

Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:

According to IUPAC and NCERT, transition elements must have partially filled d-orbitals in their ground state or in any common oxidation state. Zinc ($[Ar] 3d^{10} 4s^2$), Cadmium ($[Kr] 4d^{10} 5s^2$), and Mercury ($[Xe] 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6s^2$) have completely filled $d^{10}$ configurations both in their elemental ground states and in their common $+2$ oxidation states ($Zn^{2+}, Cd^{2+}, Hg^{2+}$ are all $d^{10}$). Therefore, they are not strictly transition elements, although they are studied with d-block elements.

IUPAC और NCERT के अनुसार, संक्रमण तत्वों में उनकी आद्य अवस्था या किसी भी सामान्य ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था में आंशिक रूप से भरे हुए d-कक्षक होने चाहिए। जिंक ($[Ar] 3d^{10} 4s^2$), कैडमियम ($[Kr] 4d^{10} 5s^2$), और मरकरी ($[Xe] 4f^{14} 5d^{10} 6s^2$) की अपनी तात्विक आद्य अवस्था और सामान्य $+2$ ऑक्सीकरण अवस्था दोनों में पूरी तरह से भरी हुई $d^{10}$ विन्यास होती हैं ($Zn^{2+}, Cd^{2+}, Hg^{2+}$ सभी $d^{10}$ हैं)। इसलिए, वे कड़ाई से संक्रमण तत्व नहीं हैं, हालांकि उनका अध्ययन d-ब्लॉक तत्वों के साथ किया जाता है।

The ground state electronic configuration of Chromium ($Z = 24$) is $[Ar] 3d^5 4s^1$ rather than $[Ar] 3d^4 4s^2$. What is the primary physical reason for this exceptional electronic arrangement?

क्रोमियम ($Z = 24$) का आद्य अवस्था इलेक्ट्रॉनिक विन्यास $[Ar] 3d^4 4s^2$ के बजाय $[Ar] 3d^5 4s^1$ होता है। इस असाधारण इलेक्ट्रॉनिक व्यवस्था का प्राथमिक भौतिक कारण क्या है?

The 4s orbital has higher principal quantum number than 3d orbital4s कक्षक की मुख्य क्वांटम संख्या 3d कक्षक से अधिक होती है

Extra stability associated with symmetrical spatial charge distribution and maximum exchange energy of the half-filled $3d^5$ subshellसममितीय स्थानिक आवेश वितरण और अर्ध-भरे $3d^5$ उपकोश की अधिकतम विनिमय ऊर्जा (exchange energy) से जुड़ी अतिरिक्त स्थिरता

Complete absence of electron-electron electrostatic repulsion in the 3d subshell3d उपकोश में इलेक्ट्रॉन-इलेक्ट्रॉन स्थिरवैद्युत प्रतिकर्षण की पूर्ण अनुपस्थिति

Chromium behaves as an s-block alkali metal under standard atmospheric conditionsक्रोमियम मानक वायुमंडलीय परिस्थितियों में एक s-ब्लॉक क्षार धातु की तरह व्यवहार करता है

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Chromium has the configuration $[Ar] 3d^5 4s^1$. The small energy gap between 3d and 4s orbitals allows one electron from 4s to shift to 3d. Half-filled ($d^5$) subshells possess exceptional thermodynamic stability due to: (1) symmetrical distribution of electronic charge, which minimizes interelectronic repulsions, and (2) maximum possible exchange energy among parallel spin electrons (10 possible exchange pairs in $d^5$).

क्रोमियम का विन्यास $[Ar] 3d^5 4s^1$ है। 3d और 4s कक्षकों के बीच कम ऊर्जा अंतराल के कारण 4s से एक इलेक्ट्रॉन 3d में स्थानांतरित हो जाता है। अर्ध-भरे ($d^5$) उपकोशों में असाधारण ऊष्मागतिकीय स्थिरता होती है क्योंकि: (1) इलेक्ट्रॉनिक आवेश का सममित वितरण, जो अंतरा-इलेक्ट्रॉनिक प्रतिकर्षण को न्यूनतम करता है, और (2) समानांतर चक्रण इलेक्ट्रॉनों के बीच अधिकतम संभव विनिमय ऊर्जा ($d^5$ में 10 संभावित विनिमय युग्म)।

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समय प्रबंधन एवं गति नियंत्रण

In school examinations, students write answers without active pacing. In national entrance tests, students have barely 45-60 seconds per MCQ. Practicing with a 20-minute timer instills instinctive time-budgeting and prevents last-minute exam panic.

Mastery of the Elimination Technique

विकल्प निष्कासन विधि में दक्षता

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सटीकता और नकारात्मक अंकन से सुरक्षा

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Syllabus Concepts Evaluated in this Chapter

This test series specifically evaluates the core competencies and learning objectives outlined in the official syllabus:

Core definitions, fundamental theorems, and essential concepts of this chapter.
Step-by-step mathematical reasoning and deductive problem-solving.
Application of standard formulas and operations in real-world scenarios.
Critical examination of common exam pitfalls and misleading options.
Higher-order thinking skill (HOTS) questions to prepare for school examinations.
Speed and accuracy mastery under standard timed CBT exam conditions.

Exam Rules & Test Taking Guidelines

Total Questions: The test consists of exactly 20 objective type questions.
Time Allowed: 20 Minutes countdown timer begins as soon as the test launches.
Marking Scheme: +1.0 mark is awarded for each correct answer.
Zero Penalty: There is 0.0 negative marking for incorrect or unattempted questions.
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Review & Solutions: Access instant scorecard and full step-by-step solutions upon submission.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Yes! Foundation Practice Set 01 for every chapter in National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313) is 100% free to attempt. Students can test their knowledge without any payment or hidden fees.

This page is dedicated to English Medium. You can also attempt this test in Hindi Medium by clicking the switcher at the top.

Absolutely. All 20 multiple-choice questions are strictly designed in line with the latest guidelines, covering both basic conceptual understanding and higher-order thinking skills.

The test contains 20 MCQs to be solved in 20 minutes. Each question carries +1.0 mark for a correct answer, and there is zero (0.0) negative marking for incorrect answers.

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General Characteristics of the p-block Elements (Set 01 (Foundation Level))

20 MCQs • 20 Mins • 100% Free Practice Test

National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) Class XII Chemistry (313): General Characteristics of the p-block Elements Online Test (Set 01 (Foundation Level)) | TargetExams

Chapter Study Guide & In-Depth Notes

Chapter Overview & Core Concepts: General Characteristics of the p-block Elements