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CBSE • कक्षा XI • Mathematics • अध्याय 7
अनुमानित समय: 45 Mins
प्रगति: अध्ययनरत

द्विपद प्रमेय (Binomial Theorem)

In Class 11 Mathematics, "Binomial Theorem" provides an authoritative, curriculum-verified master resource aligned with the 2026–27 NCERT syllabus.

🔺 Have You Ever Wondered?

How did Sir Isaac Newton quickly expand $(x + y)^{100}$ without multiplying a thousand polynomial terms by hand? The Binomial Theorem connects algebra...

How did Sir Isaac Newton quickly expand $(x + y)^{100}$ without multiplying a thousand polynomial terms by hand? The Binomial Theorem connects algebraic powers with combinatorics and Pascal's Triangle.

यह अध्याय क्यों महत्वपूर्ण है

In Class 11 Mathematics, "Binomial Theorem" provides an authoritative, curriculum-verified master resource aligned with the 2026–27 NCERT syllabus.

अध्ययन से पूर्व (आवश्यक ज्ञान)

  • Algebraic identities like $(a+b)^2$ and $(a+b)^3$.
  • Combinations $^nC_r$.
  • Exponents and polynomials.

इस अध्याय के लक्ष्य

  • State and prove the Binomial Theorem for positive integral indices.
  • Construct and interpret Pascal's Triangle.
  • Identify general terms: $T_{r+1} = ^nC_r a^{n-r} b^r$ in the expansion of $(a + b)^n$.
  • Determine Middle Terms in expansions for odd and even values of $n$.
  • Apply binomial expansions to approximate numerical powers (e.g. $(1.01)^{10}$).

अध्याय रूपरेखा एवं प्रगति

1 1. The Binomial Theorem Formula
2 2. General & Middle Terms
3 3. Useful Special Expansions

सम्पूर्ण सैद्धांतिक एवं वैचारिक अध्ययन

1. The Binomial Theorem Formula

For any positive integer $n$: $$\mathbf{(a + b)^n = \sum_{k=0}^{n} {^nC_k} a^{n-k} b^k = {^nC_0}a^n + {^nC_1}a^{n-1}b + {^nC_2}a^{n-2}b^2 + \dots + {^nC_n}b^n}$$ The expansion contains exactly $\mathbf{n + 1}$ terms, and the sum of exponents of $a$ and $b$ in every term is $n$.

2. General & Middle Terms

  • General Term ($T_{r+1}$): $$\mathbf{T_{r+1} = {^nC_r} a^{n-r} b^r}$$
  • Middle Term: If $n$ is even, there is 1 middle term at position $(\frac{n}{2} + 1)$. If $n$ is odd, there are 2 middle terms at $(\frac{n+1}{2})$ and $(\frac{n+1}{2} + 1)$.

3. Useful Special Expansions

Setting $a = 1, b = x$: $(1 + x)^n = 1 + {^nC_1}x + {^nC_2}x^2 + \dots + x^n$.
Sum of all binomial coefficients: $\mathbf{^nC_0 + ^nC_1 + \dots + ^nC_n = 2^n}$.

चित्रात्मक व्याख्या एवं मॉडल

Binomial Theorem Master Matrix

Conceptual framework, core mechanisms, and analytical relationships
Academic Architecture

1. The Binomial Theorem Formula • 2. General & Middle Terms

अध्याय का सार संक्षेप एवं 10 मुख्य निष्कर्ष

मुख्य बिंदु 1
Total Terms: Expansion of $(a+b)^n$ always contains precisely $n+1$ terms.
मुख्य बिंदु 2
Symmetric Coefficients: $^nC_r = ^nC_{n-r}$ mirroring across Pascal's Triangle.
मुख्य बिंदु 3
General Term: $T_{r+1} = ^nC_r a^{n-r} b^r$ extracting any specific term without expanding.
मुख्य बिंदु 4
Middle Term Location: Centered at $n/2 + 1$ for even powers.
मुख्य बिंदु 5
Sum of Coefficients: Substituting variables with 1 yields total sum $2^n$.

स्व-मूल्यांकन अभ्यास (Check Your Understanding)

मूल वैचारिक स्पष्टता की जांच के लिए नैदानिक प्रश्न। पहले स्वयं हल करें, फिर उत्तर देखें।

1
Expand $(x^2 + \frac{3}{x})^4$ using the Binomial Theorem.
उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: $^4C_0(x^2)^4 + ^4C_1(x^2)^3(\frac{3}{x}) + ^4C_2(x^2)^2(\frac{3}{x})^2 + ^4C_3(x^2)(\frac{3}{x})^3 + ^4C_4(\frac{3}{x})^4 = x^8 + 12x^5 + 54x^2 + \frac{108}{x} + \frac{81}{x^4}$.
x^8 + 12x^5 + 54x^2 + 108/x + 81/x^4.
2
Find the 4th term in the expansion of $(x - 2y)^{12}$.
उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: $T_4 = T_{3+1} = {^{12}C_3} (x)^{12-3} (-2y)^3 = 220 \cdot x^9 \cdot (-8y^3) = -1760 x^9 y^3$.
T4 = -1760 x^9 y^3.
3
Find the middle term in the expansion of $(\frac{x}{3} + 9y)^{10}$.
उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: $n = 10$ (even), so middle term is $(\frac{10}{2} + 1) = 6$th term. $T_6 = T_{5+1} = {^{10}C_5} (\frac{x}{3})^5 (9y)^5 = 252 \cdot \frac{x^5}{243} \cdot 59049 y^5 = 61236 x^5 y^5$.
T6 = 61236 x^5 y^5.
4
Find the coefficient of $x^6 y^3$ in the expansion of $(x + 2y)^9$.
उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: General term $T_{r+1} = {^9C_r} x^{9-r} (2y)^r$. For $x^6 y^3$, set $r = 3$: $T_4 = {^9C_3} x^6 (2y)^3 = 84 \cdot 8 x^6 y^3 = 672 x^6 y^3$. The coefficient is 672.
672.
5
Using Binomial Theorem, evaluate $(99)^5$.
उत्तर एवं व्याख्या देखें
उत्तर: $(100 - 1)^5 = {^5C_0}(100)^5 - {^5C_1}(100)^4 + {^5C_2}(100)^3 - {^5C_3}(100)^2 + {^5C_4}(100) - 1 = 10,000,000,000 - 500,000,000 + 10,000,000 - 100,000 + 500 - 1 = 9,509,900,499$.
9,509,900,499.
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